NIAGARA MOVEMENT: Declaration of Principles, 1905

In 1905 W.E.B. Du Bois and twenty-eight other black activists met at Niagara Falls (on the Canadian side because no American hotel would host them), where they drafted a list of political, economic, and social demands. The Niagara Movement provided the foundation for the formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.